📄 Tue 12.02.25 - Tone Intro

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Word Choice & Tone DENOTATION: the literal "dictionary definition" of a word. In other words, what a word ______. CONNOTATION: the positive or negative feelings, emotions, or associations that "surround a word." In other words, how a word ______. - Negative Immature Brainwash Demand Neutral A Young Age Influence Ask + Positive Youthful Persuade Request Connotation Example It's not a "used car" (-Negative) It's "pre-owned!" (+ Positive)

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措辞与语气 **外延义 (DENOTATION)**：词语的字面“字典定义”。换句话说，一个词语**指什么**。 **内涵义 (CONNOTATION)**：围绕一个词语的积极或消极的感受、情感或联想。换句话说，一个词语**让人感觉如何**。 - 负面 不成熟的 洗脑 强求 中性 幼年时期 影响 询问 + 正面 充满活力的 说服 请求 内涵义示例 这不是一辆“旧车” （- 负面） 而是一辆“二手车”！ （+ 正面）

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DEFINING TONE “+ Tone is the author or speaker’s toward his/her subject. “* In other words, how the author about the people, places, or events he/she describes in a text. “* Be sure to avoid confusing tone with MOOD, which refers to the emotional atmosphere of a text. @ WORD BANK — TONE EXAMPLES Sympathetic Sarcastic Angry Humorous Insistent Reflective Joyful Regretful Grateful Disappointed Confident Concerned Arrogant Determined Proud Conflicted Bitter Anxious Frustrated Pessimistic | Embarrassed Mocking Admiring Defiant Discouraged Demanding 62 r Outraged Jealous yeni TONE IDENTIFICATION/ANALYSIS Mistakes to avoid: * Don’t make assumptions about a speaker’s tone based on alone. A speaker’s attitude is often unexpected /unpredictable * Don’t settle for “tone words” that are vague or slightly inaccurate. The different types of attitudes is nearly unlimited, so be (DON’T use “positive /negative/happy/sad”) + Don’t focus on a single word or image, consider the tone of the passage as a (and_alse watch for tone shifts at the end) r ) IDENTIFYING TONE IN SPEECH Look for a speaker’s: ; . «* Tone of voice. “+ Facial expressions. “* Body language. Difficulty Level: EASY @ (the speaker’s tone in the video is ) IDENTIFYING TONE IN TEXT Analyze an author’s use of: * Diction or choice of words. Do the chosen words have positive or negative ? * Figurative Language, which includes (simile & metaphor), personification, symbolism, etc. Are the comparisons favorable or unfavorable? < Imagery & Sensory Details, or “word pictures” and of how things look, sound, taste, smell, and feel. Difficulty Level: HARD TONE ANALYSIS PARAGRAPH (CLEVR) * CLAIM: “In the poem ‘ ,» the poet uses repetition, diction, sensory/figurative language, elc. to create a *« EVIDENCE: “For example, in the poem, specific words, phrases, descriptions, images, figures of speech, etc. from the text that create/reflect that tone .” (x2) tone.” * REASONING: “These details help create a tone by/because <n ® ”

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定义语气 “+ 语气是作者或说话者对其主题的**态度**。 “* 换句话说，作者对文本中描述的人物、地点或事件的**感受**。 “* 务必避免将语气与情绪（MOOD）混淆，情绪指的是文本的**情感氛围**。 词汇库 — 语气示例 同情的 讽刺的 愤怒的 幽默的 坚持的 反思的 愉快的 懊悔的 感激的 失望的 自信的 担忧的 傲慢的 坚定的 自豪的 矛盾的 苦涩的 焦虑的 沮丧的 悲观的 尴尬的 嘲弄的 钦佩的 反抗的 气馁的 苛刻的 愤怒的 嫉妒的 语气识别/分析 应避免的错误： * 不要仅仅根据**只言片语**来推断说话者的语气。说话者的态度往往出人意料/难以预测。 * 不要满足于模糊或略不准确的“语气词”。态度的种类几乎是无限的，所以要**具体**（不要使用“积极/消极/高兴/悲伤”）。 * 不要只关注一个词或一个意象，要将文章的语气视为一个**整体**（并留意结尾处的语气转变）。 识别口语中的语气 留意说话者的： * 语调。 * 面部表情。 * 肢体语言。 难度级别：简单 （视频中说话者的语气是**[某种]**） 识别文本中的语气 分析作者对以下方面的运用： * 措辞或选词。所选词语是带有积极还是消极的**感情色彩**？ * 比喻性语言，包括**修辞手法**（明喻和暗喻）、拟人、象征等。这些比较是褒义的还是贬义的？ * 意象和感官细节，即“文字画面”以及事物**外观**、声音、味道、气味和感觉的**描述**。 难度级别：困难 语气分析段落 (CLEVR) * 主张（CLAIM）：“在诗歌《**[诗歌名称]**》中，诗人运用重复、措辞、感官/比喻性语言等来营造一种**[某种]**语气。” * 证据（EVIDENCE）：“例如，在诗歌中，文本中具体的词语、短语、描述、意象、修辞手法等，**营造/反映**了这种**[某种]**语气。” (x2) * 推理（REASONING）：“这些细节通过/因为**[解释]**有助于营造一种**[某种]**语气。”

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Introduction to Poetry BY BILLY COLLINS I ask them to take a poem and hold it up to the light like a color slide or press an ear against its hive. I say drop a mouse into a poem and watch him probe his way out, or walk inside the poem's room and feel the walls for a light switch. I want them to waterski across the surface of a poem waving at the author's name on the shore. But all they want to do is tie the poem to a chair with rope and torture a confession out of it. They begin beating it with a hose to find out what it really means.

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诗歌入门 比利·柯林斯 著 我让他们拿一首诗 把它对着光 就像一张彩色幻灯片 或者把耳朵贴在它的蜂巢上。 我说，把一只老鼠扔进一首诗里 看着它摸索着出来， 或者走进诗歌的房间 摸索墙壁寻找电灯开关。 我希望他们能滑水 划过诗歌的表面 向岸边作者的名字挥手。 但他们只想 用绳子把诗绑在椅子上 拷问它，逼它招供。 他们开始用软管抽打它 只为弄清它到底是什么意思。

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Totally like whatever, you know? By Taylor Mali In case you hadn't noticed, it has somehow become uncool to sound like you know what you're talking about? Or believe strongly in what you're saying? Invisible question marks and parenthetical (you know?)'s have been attaching themselves to the ends of our sentences? Even when those sentences aren't, like, questions? You know? Declarative sentences—so-called because they used to, like, DECLARE things to be true, okay, as opposed to other things are, like, totally, you know, not— have been infected by a totally hip and tragically cool interrogative tone? You know? Like, don't think I'm uncool just because I've noticed this; this is just like the word on the street, you know? It's like what I've heard? I have nothing personally invested in my own opinions, okay? I'm just inviting you to join me in my uncertainty? What has happened to our conviction? Where are the limbs out on which we once walked? Have they been, like, chopped down with the rest of the rain forest? Or do we have, like, nothing to say? Has society become so, like, totally . . . I mean absolutely . . . You know? That we've just gotten to the point where it's just, like . . . whatever! And so actually our disarticulation . . . ness is just a clever sort of . . . thing to disguise the fact that we've become the most aggressively inarticulate generation to come along since . . . you know, a long, long time ago! I entreat you, I implore you, I exhort you, I challenge you: To speak with conviction. To say what you believe in a manner that bespeaks the determination with which you believe it. Because contrary to the wisdom of the bumper sticker, it is not enough these days to simply QUESTION AUTHORITY. You have to speak with it, too. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

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简直就是“随便啦”，你懂的？ 泰勒·马利 著 如果你还没注意到的话， 听起来好像你知道自己在说什么， 或者你对自己的话深信不疑， 某种程度上，这已经变得不酷了，你明白吗？ 那些无形的问号和括号里的“你懂的？” 已经悄悄地附着在我们句子的末尾？ 即使那些句子，根本就不是，你知道，疑问句？你懂的？ 陈述句——之所以这么叫， 是因为它们过去常常，就像，宣告事情是真的，明白吗， 而不像其他事情，就像，完全，你懂的，不是那样—— 已经被一种非常潮 且酷得悲剧的疑问语气所感染？你明白吗？ 就像，别以为我注意到这点就说明我不酷； 这就像是街头巷尾的说法，你懂的？ 这就像是我听来的？ 我对我自己的观点没有任何个人情感投入，明白吗？ 我只是邀请你和我一起感受这种不确定性？ 我们的信念去哪儿了？ 我们曾经赖以行走的那些枝干去哪儿了？ 它们是不是，你知道，被砍掉了 和其余的雨林一起？ 还是我们，你知道，没什么可说的了？ 社会是不是已经变得如此，你知道，彻底地…… 我的意思是，绝对地……你懂的？ 以至于我们已经到了一个地步，就是，你知道…… 随便啦！ 所以实际上，我们这种表达不清……的状态 只是一个巧妙的……把戏 来掩饰我们已经变成了 自……以来 你明白，很久很久以前！ 最是词不达意的一代。 我恳求你，我央求你，我劝告你， 我向你挑战：带着信念说话。 以一种能彰显出你对所信之事坚定决心的态度， 说出你的信念。 因为与那些保险杠贴纸上的“智慧”相反， 如今仅仅质疑权威是不够的。 你也要带着信念去说。 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯